Young adults increasingly use non-combustible nicotine products such as vaping devices and nicotine pouches. JITAIs, informed by microrandomized trials (MRTs), rely on frequent ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) to evaluate real-time intervention impacts. However, EMAs often lead to participant nonadherence, producing missing data that could systematically bias intervention results and limit generalizability.

This pilot project has two primary aims:

Aim 1: Conduct a systematic review to identify patterns of nonadherence at the moment level, exploring how situational factors (e.g., time, location, mental state) affect EMA response rates. The review will pinpoint factors consistently linked to adherence, guiding future strategies to mitigate missingness and enhance the representativeness of collected data.

Aim 2: Analyze existing data to examine if combining evening recall surveys with EMAs improves data completeness and reduces biases. Evening recalls, being less intrusive, allow retrospective reporting, potentially balancing data representation and reducing systematic nonadherence.

The synergistic findings from these aims will inform future interventions by strategically integrating real-time and retrospective measures to ensure comprehensive and unbiased data collection.