Naltrexone (NTX) is an opioid receptor antagonist used to prevent alcoholism relapse. This trial examines how to define “non-response” to treatment with NTX and what treatments are most effective for those who do or do not respond to the initial treatment.

Researchers in this study are developing an adaptive treatment for adolescent marijuana users. They are studying the use and combination of several efficacious treatments, including behavioral therapy, contingency management, behavioral parent training, and working memory training via a SMART trial.

Researchers in this study are developing an adaptive treatment to address suicidality in college students seeking services at college counseling centers. They are developing the first empirically validated approach to sequence treatments for students seeking services.

This study compares two types of interventions for youth (ages 10-15) with conduct disorders. Participants received either a teen-focused or parent-focused intervention. The appropriate intensity of the interventions was also studied.

The aim of this SMART is to understand whether to begin with medication or behavioral therapy for children with ADHD, and whether to intensify or augment initial treatment for children who do not respond to treatment.

This study will compare two types of intensive, daily instruction for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who use only minimal verbal communication. Earlier research has shown that even after early language-skills training, about one-third of school-aged children with ASD remain minimally verbal. Researchers plan to enroll 200 children in four cities: Los Angeles, Nashville, New York City, and Rochester, N.Y.

This project targets African American adolescents with obesity and their parents. SMARTs are used to develop an adaptive intervention that increases skills in changing dietary, exercise, and sedentary behaviors.

Patients suffering from bipolar disorder are assigned to one of two mood stabilizers. A SMART design is used to determine the appropriate treatment for patients who develop depression.

A SMART design is being implemented to develop an adaptive intervention to increase treatment engagement and decrease cocaine use for patients who are cocaine dependent. The study also examines whether patient choice of care affects patient outcomes.

Studies show that the use of stimulants for the control of ADHD in youth leads to a reduction in height gain. This study uses a SMART design to examine the effectiveness of temporary breaks in medicinal treatments and caloric supplementation for the treatment of stimulant-induced weight and growth suppression.

This project aims to develop an adaptive intervention for persistent insomnia. Researchers are using a SMART design to determine the best sequencing of cognitive behavioral therapy and medication for persistent insomnia.

Researchers have developed an intensive relapse-prevention program for pregnant women who abuse drugs. A SMART design is being used to develop an adaptive intervention where the intensity and scope of the relapse-prevention program is adjusted based on the evolving status of each woman.

Between 50% and 70% of people living with HIV are nicotine dependent. This SMART examines how and when to apply contingency management and standard treatment to promote smoking cessation in this population.

For youth with OCD, the most common treatments are cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), pharmacological treatment, or both. Up to 30% of patients may not benefit from their initial treatments. Researchers will employ a SMART to determine the optimal treatment sequence for participants dependent on whether or not they respond to their initial treatment.

Researchers are conducting this quality-improvement MRT aiming to promote weight maintenance through increased activity and improved diet among people who received bariatric surgery. At the time it was developed, this project was novel in that it implemented separate randomizations at the start of the study, on a daily basis, and five times throughout the day.

In order to develop communication skills among school-aged children who are nonverbal, this project employs a SMART design to test a novel intervention. The intervention includes components that focus on spoken language and the use of a speech-generating device (e.g., iPad). The SMART design provides the data needed to define response and nonresponse to the intervention and identify the best treatment sequence.

This project tests the feasibility and effectiveness of providing, via a smartphone, just-in-time tailored physical activity suggestions as well as evening prompts to plan the following day’s physical activity so as to help sedentary individuals increase their activity. The resulting data will be used to inform the development of a JITAI for increasing physical activity.

This SMART is cluster-randomized. Randomization occurs at the clinic level. The aim of the study is to develop an adaptive quality improvement strategy designed to enhance the implementation of an evidence-based mental health intervention. Outcomes are measured at the patient level.

This study seeks to examine the time-varying, contextual factors that influence daily oral chemotherapy adherence in adolescents and young adults with leukemia.

This study employs an MRT to test different strategies for promoting adherence to oral chemotherapy in adolescents and young adults with leukemia. It delivers individually-tailored content, including messages targeting disease self-management and preferred app engagement strategies.

The current study seeks to investigate whether, what type, and under what conditions prompts should be provided in the context of a weight-loss program that uses a mobile app as minimal support for obese/overweight adults.

JOOL is a behavioral health and well?being app that is designed to help people monitor and improve their sleep, presence, activity, creativity, and eating, with the ultimate goal of helping people move closer to fulfilling their life’s purpose. This MRT aims to understand whether push notifications of tailored health messages are useful in promoting engagement with the JOOL app; and, if so, when and under what circumstances they are most effective.

Adolescents suffering from depression begin treatment with interpersonal psychotherapy. This pilot project employs a SMART design to help establish treatment rules regarding when and in what way to intensify treatment.

This project will develop an adaptive intervention to improve ​social connectedness​, academic engagement, and other skills among school-aged children with autism spectrum disorder​. Treatment for each participant includes some combination of a playground-based intervention, a classroom-based intervention, a peer-mediated intervention, and a parent-assisted intervention.​ This pilot project will address feasibility and acceptability concerns and will provide preliminary data for a full-scale SMART.

This pilot project uses a SMART design to develop an adaptive intervention for children with depression. Dr. Eckshtain aims to develop decision rules regarding the use of cognitive behavioral treatment, caregiver–child treatment, or both. The goal is to develop an adaptive treatment protocol for depressed children.

This project aims to develop an adaptive intervention for families where the mother has ADHD and the child is at genetic and environmental risk for ADHD. Researchers are using SMART to determine how to use behavioral training or medication for mothers separately, in sequence, or in combination, to improve the quality of parenting and prevent the progression of ADHD in children.

This project tests the feasibility of conducting an MRT aiming to investigate whether real-time sensor-based assessments of stress are useful in optimizing the provision of just-in-time prompts to support stress-management in chronic smokers attempting to quit. The resulting data will be used to inform the development of a JITAI for smoking cessation.

Contingency management (CM) is a treatment used in Cocaine Misuse where patients are rewarded for following treatment guidelines. In this study, researchers are comparing CM to treatment without incentives using a SMART design. They are also testing the timing and the length of the CM.

The smartphone addiction recovery coach (SARC) project tests the feasibility and effectiveness of providing, via smartphone, messages designed to encourage use of the ecological momentary interventions (EMIs) to support young adults enrolled in an outpatient substance-use program as they recover from disordered substance use.

The Substance Abuse Research Assistance (SARA) is an app for gathering data about substance use in high-risk populations. App developers are using an MRT to improve engagement with completion of the self-report data collection measures. At the time this summary was written, this MRT is unique in that it has an engagement component, but not a treatment one.